{"id":4385,"date":"2024-06-12T09:17:29","date_gmt":"2024-06-12T09:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bulutistan.com\/blog\/?p=4385"},"modified":"2024-06-12T09:17:29","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T09:17:29","slug":"metin-siniflandirilmasi-text-classification-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bulutistan.com\/blog\/metin-siniflandirilmasi-text-classification-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Metin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (Text Classification) Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, do\u011fal dil i\u015flemenin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Makinelerin metni daha iyi anlamas\u0131na ve bunlara dayal\u0131 tahminler yapmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<p>Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 tam olarak nedir?<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"metin-siniflandirilmasi-text-classification-nedir\">Metin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (Text Classification) Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, metni i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 gruplara (s\u0131n\u0131flara) ay\u0131rma i\u015flemidir. Makine \u00f6\u011frenimi algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de metin i\u00e7indeki \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri tan\u0131mlayabilen Evri\u015fimli Sinir A\u011flar\u0131 (CNN&#8217;ler) veya Tekrarlayan Sinir A\u011flar\u0131 (RNN&#8217;ler) gibi derin \u00f6\u011frenme modellerini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu modeller genellikle \u00f6nceden etiketlenmi\u015f (a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131) e\u011fitim metni kullan\u0131larak olu\u015fturulur. E\u011fitildikten sonra modeli yeni, g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f metin par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131yla besleyebilir ve modelin bunlar\u0131 otomatik olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilirsiniz. Tahminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra modeller, 0 ile 1 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen bir g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyi sa\u011flar ve modelin do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan ne kadar emin oldu\u011funu vurgular (ne kadar y\u00fcksekse o kadar g\u00fcvenli).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"metin-siniflandirma-nasil-calisir\">Metin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, metni i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re kategorize etme i\u015flemidir. Bunu yapman\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yollar\u0131 vard\u0131r, ancak en yayg\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m, metnin etiketlenebilece\u011fi \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir dizi kategori veya s\u0131n\u0131f kullanmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada ilk ad\u0131m, kullanmak istedi\u011finiz s\u0131n\u0131flar k\u00fcmesine karar vermektir. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde yap\u0131labilir, ancak en yayg\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m her s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan bir dizi anahtar kelime kullanmakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, hayvanlarla ilgili metinleri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, \u015fu s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz: memeliler, s\u00fcr\u00fcngenler, amfibiler, bal\u0131klar ve ku\u015flar.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131n\u0131flar k\u00fcmesine karar verdikten sonra, bir sonraki ad\u0131m hangi metinlerin hangi s\u0131n\u0131fa ait oldu\u011funu belirlemektir. Bu da \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde yap\u0131labilir, ancak en yayg\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m, konunun g\u00f6stergesi olan belirli anahtar kelimeleri veya ifadeleri aramakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, memelilerle ilgili metinler ar\u0131yorsan\u0131z, \u201ck\u00fcrk\u201d, \u201cs\u00fct\u201d veya \u201cdo\u011fum\u201d gibi anahtar kelimeleri arayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Hangi metinlerin hangi s\u0131n\u0131fa ait oldu\u011funu belirledikten sonra bir sonraki ad\u0131m onlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten bu \u015fekilde etiketlemektir. Bu i\u015flem baz\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m programlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan otomatik olarak yap\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi, her metni okuyan ve uygun s\u0131n\u0131fa atayan biri taraf\u0131ndan manuel olarak da yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm metinler uygun s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalarla etiketlendikten sonra son ad\u0131m bu etiketleri bir t\u00fcr analiz ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullanmakt\u0131r. Bu, farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n basit bir say\u0131m\u0131ndan daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir makine \u00f6\u011frenimi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar her \u015fey olabilir.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"neden-metin-siniflandirmasi-kullanmaliyim\">Neden Metin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 Kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/h2>\n<p>Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131, duygu, niyet, kategori ve benzerlerini anlamak i\u00e7in verileri h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bunu manuel olarak yapmak imkans\u0131z olmasa da zaman al\u0131c\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, her biri ortalama 50 kelime veya daha fazla olan 10.000 e-postay\u0131 taramak haftalar, hatta aylar s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u00e7erik moderasyonu gibi rahats\u0131z edici yorumlar\u0131 dakikalar i\u00e7inde i\u015faretlemek ve kald\u0131rmak istedi\u011finiz durumlarda ise otomasyon bir gerekliliktir.<\/p>\n<p>Diyelim ki bir online bir bankac\u0131l\u0131k \u015firketinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsunuz. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlu noktalar\u0131n\u0131 (para transferleri, para yat\u0131rma i\u015flemleri vb.) anlamak i\u00e7in destek biletlerini analiz etmek istiyorsunuz. Her bileti manuel olarak inceleyebilir veya destek ekibinden \/ m\u00fc\u015fterilerden bunlar\u0131 kendilerinin etiketlemesini isteyebilirsiniz, ancak her iki yol da yava\u015f ve hataya a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bunun yerine destek taleplerini al\u0131p en uygun kategoriyi otomatik olarak belirleyebilecek bir makine \u00f6\u011frenimi modeli olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"1-icerik-moderasyonu\">1. \u0130\u00e7erik Moderasyonu<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c7evrimi\u00e7i topluluklardan randevula\u015fma hizmetlerine ve sosyal a\u011flara kadar pek \u00e7ok marka, kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eden mesajlar\u0131 otomatik olarak i\u015faretlemek i\u00e7in metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Akla ilk olarak argo i\u00e7erikli metinler gelse de, \u00f6rne\u011fin bir petshop\u2019un yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6pek yeti\u015ftirme uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 ima eden g\u00f6nderileri i\u015faretlemesi gibi \u00f6zel kurallar\u0131 da olabilir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"2-kategori-etiketleme\">2. Kategori Etiketleme<\/h3>\n<p>Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131, bir web sitesinin i\u00e7eri\u011finin yemekle ilgili, sporla ilgili vb. olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ba\u011flamsal temalar\u0131 belirlemede de \u00f6nemli rol oynar. Reklam teknolojisi end\u00fcstrisi, bir reklam yerle\u015fimi i\u00e7in ne kadar teklif verilece\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr modelleri kullan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin DoorDash, yemekle ilgili web sitelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in araba ile ilgili olanlara k\u0131yasla muhtemelen daha fazla \u00f6deme yapacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, bu \u015firketlerin makaleleri otomatik olarak do\u011fru i\u00e7erik kategorisiyle etiketlemesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak her g\u00f6sterimden daha fazla para kazanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3-spam-tanimlama\">3. Spam Tan\u0131mlama<\/h3>\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok hizmet, \u00f6zellikle sosyal a\u011flar ve dizinler, spam veya sahtekarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulmak ve kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin Gust, giri\u015fimlerin melek yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara ula\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir dizindir. Ancak, bir\u00e7ok dizin gibi spam listelemelerden rahats\u0131z olmaktad\u0131r. Bunlarla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in yeni profilleri analiz etmek ve neyin ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak belirlemek i\u00e7in makine \u00f6\u011frenimini kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"4-metin-siralama\">4. Metin S\u0131ralama<\/h3>\n<p>What&#8217;s That Charge, ki\u015finin kredi kart\u0131 ekstresindeki gizemli \u00fccretleri tan\u0131mlar. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckler ve WTC onlara bunun kimden geldi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Ancak kullan\u0131c\u0131lar genellikle \u00fccretlendirme olmayan metinleri y\u00fcklerler. Bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in WTC, belirli bir girdinin bir \u00fccret mi yoksa anlams\u0131z bir dize mi oldu\u011funu belirlemek i\u00e7in metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"5-marka-duyarlilik-analizi\">5. Marka Duyarl\u0131l\u0131k Analizi<\/h3>\n<p>Duygu analizi de metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131d\u0131r. Burada modeller metni olumlu veya olumsuz olarak kategorize eder (ve\/veya n\u00f6tr, sevgi, nefret vb. gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferleri kullan\u0131r). Bu t\u00fcr ara\u00e7lar, markalar\u0131n insanlar\u0131n kendileri hakk\u0131nda neler s\u00f6yledi\u011fini izlemelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"metin-siniflandirmada-karsilasilan-zorluklar\">Metin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Zorluklar<\/h2>\n<p>Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, amac\u0131n metinsel verilere etiket atamak oldu\u011fu bir denetimli \u00f6\u011frenme g\u00f6revidir. Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada en yayg\u0131n problem, amac\u0131n metni iki s\u0131n\u0131ftan birine s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak oldu\u011fu ikili s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, amac\u0131n metni ikiden fazla s\u0131n\u0131ftan birine s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak oldu\u011fu \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma problemleri de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmadaki zorluk, metinsel verilerin \u00e7ok yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi ve genellikle \u00e7ok fazla g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc i\u00e7erdi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011finde yatmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, makine \u00f6\u011frenimi modellerinin metinsel verilerden \u00f6\u011frenmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Buna ek olarak, metinsel veriler \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek boyutlu olabilir ve bu da makine \u00f6\u011frenimi modelleri i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir zorluk te\u015fkil eder.<\/p>\n<p>Son olarak, do\u011fal dil anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 makineler i\u00e7in hala zor bir g\u00f6revdir ve bir\u00e7ok metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma problemi, metnin makine taraf\u0131ndan derinlemesine anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Bu, duygu analizi veya konu modelleme gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f do\u011fal dil i\u015fleme teknikleriyle ba\u015far\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"metin-siniflandirmanin-diger-makine-ogrenimi-terimlerinden-farki-nedir\">Metin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rman\u0131n Di\u011fer Makine \u00d6\u011frenimi Terimlerinden Fark\u0131 Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Makine \u00f6\u011frenimi alan\u0131nda metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer \u00f6nemli terimler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri i\u00e7ermektedir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Do\u011fal Dil \u0130\u015fleme &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Do\u011fal dil i\u015fleme, hem anlama (analiz, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma) hem de \u00fcretme (olu\u015fturma, sentezleme) ile ilgili bir dizi g\u00f6revi kapsayan bir aland\u0131r. Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma bu kapsama girer, ancak \u00f6zetleme, \u00e7eviri, soru yan\u0131tlama, metin ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve daha fazlas\u0131 gibi g\u00f6revleri de i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Metin madencili\u011fi &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a0Metin madencili\u011fi, metin analizi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan geni\u015f bir terimdir. Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra metin i\u00e7indeki verileri ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, temaya g\u00f6re k\u00fcmeleme ve metin i\u00e7indeki tek tek kelimeleri etiketleme (metni bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131ran metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131) gibi g\u00f6revleri de i\u00e7erebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Konu ve belge k\u00fcmeleme &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a0Temel olarak, &#8221;metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma&#8221; \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f etiketleri i\u00e7eren denetimli bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma bi\u00e7imini ifade eder. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, &#8221;konu k\u00fcmeleme&#8221; veya &#8221;belge k\u00fcmeleme&#8221;, modelin tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurallar\u0131 kullanarak metni benzerli\u011fe g\u00f6re grupland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 denetimsiz bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ifade eder. B\u00fcy\u00fck metinsel veri k\u00fcmelerinde temalar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bulmak i\u00e7in harikad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Named Entity Recognition (NER) &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Varl\u0131k Tan\u0131ma, metin i\u00e7indeki belirli s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin veya ifadelerin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Information Retrieval (IR) &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a0Information Retrieval, sorgular\u0131 kullanarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir depodan ilgili bilgileri \u00e7ekme i\u015flemidir. Bu bir arama \u015feklidir, madencilik veya s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>OCR (Optik Karakter Tan\u0131ma) &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a0OCR g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerden metin ve say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Hem bilgisayarla g\u00f6rme hem de do\u011fal dil i\u015flemeyi kapsar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"metin-siniflandirilmasinin-goruntu-siniflandirmasindan-farki-nedir\">Metin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131ndan Fark\u0131 Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya benzerdir, ancak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri i\u00e7erir. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, bilgisayarlar\u0131n g\u00f6rsel bilgileri anlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir alan olan bilgisayarl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc kapsam\u0131na girer.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131nda model, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak analiz eder ve ard\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir etikete atar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc alan ve size geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen bir geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rman\u0131n kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7eri\u011fi denetimi &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a0S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, NSFW i\u00e7erikten \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 hala ihlal eden SFW g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere kadar rahats\u0131z edici materyal i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri analiz edebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00dcr\u00fcn etiketleme &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a0Modeller bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc otomatik olarak do\u011fru giysi t\u00fcr\u00fc, stili, renkleri vb. ile etiketler.<\/li>\n<li><strong>IOT g\u00f6zlemi &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Gardyn gibi \u015firketler, IOT cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri analiz etmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"siniflandirma-guven-puani-nedir\">S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma G\u00fcven Puan\u0131 Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma modelleri etkin bir \u015fekilde e\u011fitim verilerinden bir tahminde bulunur. D\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri g\u00fcven puan\u0131, modelin do\u011fru tahmin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ne kadar emin oldu\u011funa dair kabaca bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcven d\u00fczeyleri 0 ile 1 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir, ancak genellikle y\u00fczde olarak sunulur (%0 ile %100). 1&#8217;e ne kadar yak\u0131nsa, etiketten o kadar emindir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu puanlar olas\u0131l\u0131ksald\u0131r ve modelin do\u011fru ya da yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. Model iyi e\u011fitilmemi\u015fse, yanl\u0131\u015f bir yan\u0131ttan son derece emin olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bununla birlikte, modelinize g\u00fcveniyorsan\u0131z, g\u00fcven puan\u0131 yararl\u0131 bir ara\u00e7 olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir sosyal a\u011f, modelin kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan metne ilk m\u00fcdahaleyi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hibrit bir moderasyon yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kullanabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir \u015feyi \u00f6rne\u011fin %97 gibi y\u00fcksek bir puanla Ge\u00e7ti\/Kald\u0131 olarak etiketlerse, ara\u00e7 otomatik olarak izin verir veya otomatik olarak engeller. Ancak di\u011fer her \u015fey manuel incelemeye gider. Metinlerin \u00e7o\u011fu bu %97&#8217;lik dilime giriyorsa, kendilerine \u00e7ok fazla zaman kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olurlar.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"siniflandirma-turleri-nelerdir\">S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma T\u00fcrleri Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmay\u0131 par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rman\u0131n birka\u00e7 yolu vard\u0131r. Bunlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"1-ikili-siniflandirma-binary-classification\">1. \u0130kili s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma (Binary classification)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130kili s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, Sald\u0131rgan \/ Sald\u0131rgan De\u011fil veya Destek Sorunu \/ Destek Sorunu De\u011fil gibi iki s\u0131n\u0131ftan bir kazanan se\u00e7meyi i\u00e7erir. &#8221;Bu bir yemek tarifi mi?&#8221; gibi basit bir sorudan bir makalenin sahte olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermek gibi daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir g\u00f6reve kadar de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"2-cok-sinifli-siniflandirma-multi-class-classification\">2. \u00c7ok s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma (Multi-class classification)<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c7ok s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, sadece bir kazanan\u0131 i\u00e7erir, ancak iki olas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f yerine \u00fc\u00e7 veya daha fazla s\u0131n\u0131f vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek olarak, i\u015f unvan\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f departman\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015ftiren bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 verilebilir. &#8221;Sat\u0131\u015f M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc&#8221; unvan\u0131 sadece bir departmana (&#8221;Sat\u0131\u015f&#8221;) girer.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3-cok-etiketli-siniflandirma-multi-label-classification\">3. \u00c7ok etiketli s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma (Multi-label classification)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130kili ve \u00e7oklu s\u0131n\u0131fta, s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6zeldir, yani model girdiyi yaln\u0131zca bir s\u0131n\u0131fa atar. \u00c7ok etiketli s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada modelin b\u00f6yle bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 yoktur. Gerekirse metni birden fazla etiketle etiketleyebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, SMS mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 konularla etiketleyen bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z olabilir. &#8221;Bug\u00fcn yeni Toyota&#8217;m\u0131 McDonalds&#8217;a g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcm&#8221; gibi k\u0131sa bir mesaj araba ile ilgili ve yemek ile ilgili olarak etiketlenebilir.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"hiyerarsik-ve-duz-siniflandirma-nedir\">Hiyerar\u015fik ve D\u00fcz S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Hiyerar\u015fik ve d\u00fcz s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131n farkl\u0131 yollar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. D\u00fcz model t\u00fcm kategorileri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ele al\u0131rken, hiyerar\u015fik model her biri farkl\u0131 basamakl\u0131 modellere sahip \u00e7ok seviyeli kategori dallar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, haber makalesi i\u00e7eri\u011fini belirlemeye y\u00f6nelik bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, hiyerar\u015fik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma i\u00e7in harika bir adayd\u0131r. Burada, ilk modelin Spor, G\u00fcncel Haberler, Yemek vb. gibi \u00fcst d\u00fczey kategorileri arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki seviyeniz olabilir. Ard\u0131ndan, hangi etikete girdi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, metin farkl\u0131 bir dala \u00f6zg\u00fc modelle yeniden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, model Spor&#8217;u \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fcyse, metin Futbol, Beyzbol, Futbol vb. gibi s\u0131n\u0131flara sahip olabilecek yeni bir Spor&#8217;a \u00f6zg\u00fc modelden ge\u00e7irilir. Tahmin edilen son etiket Spor (Futbol) olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcz s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmayla algoritma, bir kazanan\u0131 se\u00e7meden \u00f6nce bunun yerine t\u00fcm kategorilere (Spor-Futbol, Spor-Futbol, Yemek Tarifleri, G\u00fcncel Haberler vb.) bakacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"en-cok-sorulan-sorular\">En \u00c7ok Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"1-metin-siniflandirmasi-yapay-zeka-olarak-kabul-edilir-mi\">1. Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 yapay zeka olarak kabul edilir mi?<\/h3>\n<p>Evet, metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 yapay zeka (YZ) alan\u0131nda bir g\u00f6rev olarak kabul edilir. Yapay zeka geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir terimdir ve do\u011fal dil i\u015fleme, makine \u00f6\u011frenimi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmay\u0131 da i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"2-chatgptnin-yaptigi-sey-metin-siniflandirmasi-mi\">2. ChatGPT&#8217;nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 m\u0131?<\/h3>\n<p>Hem evet hem hay\u0131r. Yapay zeka, y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde, iki alana ayr\u0131labilir: ayr\u0131mc\u0131 ve \u00fcretici. \u00dcretken yapay zeka, yeni i\u00e7erik olu\u015fturabilen yapay zeka anlam\u0131na gelirken, ay\u0131rt edici yapay zeka veri i\u00e7indeki \u00f6\u011feleri tan\u0131mlar. Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ikincisine girerken, ChatGPT&#8217;nin ana kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 \u00fcretken yapay zekad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yani birisi ChatGPT&#8217;yi kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, muhtemelen onu kedisi hakk\u0131nda bir \u015fiir yazmas\u0131n\u0131 istemek gibi \u00fcretken ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yordur.<\/p>\n<p>Bununla birlikte, ChatGPT, \u00f6zellikle rahats\u0131z edici kelimeler gibi metala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in yerle\u015fik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma yeteneklerine sahiptir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3-bir-siniflandirma-modeli-olusturmak-icin-makine-ogrenimi-deneyimine-ihtiyacim-var-mi\">3. Bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma modeli olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in makine \u00f6\u011frenimi deneyimine ihtiyac\u0131m var m\u0131?<\/h3>\n<p>Hay\u0131r, art\u0131k gerekmiyor. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bir makine \u00f6\u011frenimi modeli olu\u015fturmak uzmanlara \u00f6zeldi. Ancak \u015fimdi teknik karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 soyutlayan AutoML (otomatik makine \u00f6\u011frenimi) platform ara\u00e7lar\u0131 var. Biraz makine \u00f6\u011frenimi deneyimi faydal\u0131 olsa da, temel olarak a\u00e7\u0131klama, \u00f6rnek haz\u0131rlama ve ince ayar ile ilgili en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 anlamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"4-siniflandirma-ile-ilgili-etik-hususlar-var-mi\">4. S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ile ilgili etik hususlar var m\u0131?<\/h3>\n<p>Her yapay zekada oldu\u011fu gibi s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma da k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m ve \u00f6nyarg\u0131 riski ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dclke liderlerine y\u00f6nelik duygular\u0131 tespit edebilen bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. E\u011fer bu h\u00fck\u00fcmet telefon kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 \/ sosyal a\u011flar\u0131 \/ vb. inceleyebilirse, ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011funu dile getiren herkesin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu y\u00fczden herhangi bir yapay zeka t\u00fcr\u00fc olu\u015ftururken, potansiyel k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m risklerinin fark\u0131nda olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"5-nitel-arastirmada-metin-siniflandirma-neden-onemlidir\">5. Nitel ara\u015ft\u0131rmada metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130nsanlar eski \u00f6\u011frendiklerine dayanarak yeni \u015feyleri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya programlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, benzersiz bir durumun tehlikeli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermek gibi g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta otomatik olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir \u015feydir. Benzer \u015fekilde, bir veri k\u00fcmesini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131za ve t\u00fcm oyunu kolayca anlayabilece\u011fimiz makul miktarda veriye ay\u0131rmam\u0131za ve serbest metinde sakl\u0131 i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, do\u011fal dil i\u015flemenin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Makinelerin metni daha iyi anlamas\u0131na ve bunlara dayal\u0131 tahminler yapmas\u0131na&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4386,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_appearance_grid":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Metin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (Text Classification) Nedir? - Bulutistan Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bulutistan.com\/blog\/metin-siniflandirilmasi-text-classification-nedir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Metin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (Text Classification) Nedir? - Bulutistan Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Metin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, do\u011fal dil i\u015flemenin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. 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