.<\/span><\/p>\nDNS Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h2>\n
Her kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n web sitenizle ilk etkile\u015fimi bir dizi DNS sorgusu ile ba\u015flar. K\u00f6t\u00fc DNS performans\u0131, yava\u015f sayfa y\u00fcklemelerine, memnuniyetsiz m\u00fc\u015fterilere ve i\u015f kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden olabilir. Bulut tabanl\u0131 DNS hizmetleri, d\u00fcnya genelinde \u00fcst\u00fcn kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimleri sa\u011flaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak DNS performans\u0131n\u0131, esnekli\u011fini ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7evrimi\u00e7i uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z ve dijital i\u00e7eri\u011finiz internete da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Baz\u0131 varl\u0131klar kurumsal veri merkezinizde bulunabilir, baz\u0131lar\u0131 bir CDN \u00fczerinden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131labilir ve baz\u0131lar\u0131 bulutta bulunabilir. DNS, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011fru kayna\u011fa y\u00f6nlendirmekten sorumludur.<\/p>\n
DNS performans\u0131 ve kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fi, kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyiminin merkezinde yer al\u0131r. Modern bir web sayfas\u0131 d\u00fczinelerce DNS aramas\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir. Karma\u015f\u0131k web sayfalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ilk sayfa y\u00fckleme s\u00fcresinin %29’unu olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130nternet t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya gecikme nedeniyle DNS sorgusu yan\u0131tlar\u0131 yava\u015fsa, kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimi olumsuz etkilenecektir (ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar sitenizi terk edebilir). Daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, ekipman sorunlar\u0131, a\u011f kesintileri veya bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle DNS altyap\u0131n\u0131za ula\u015f\u0131lam\u0131yorsa, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar nerede bulunduklar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n sitenizdeki verilere ve i\u00e7eri\u011fe eri\u015femeyebilir.<\/p>\n
Bulut Tabanl\u0131 DNS\u2019in Avantajlar\u0131 Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n
Bulut tabanl\u0131 bir DNS hizmetinden yararlanarak sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilir, maliyetleri kontrol alt\u0131na alabilir ve BT personelinize zamanda tasarruf sa\u011flayabilirsiniz. En iyi y\u00f6netilen DNS hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, k\u00fcresel DNS altyap\u0131s\u0131na ve derin DNS uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zel DNS Tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve Y\u00f6netimi Kaynaklar\u0131<\/h3>\n
K\u00fcresel bir DNS a\u011f\u0131 tasarlamak, i\u015fletmek ve korumak; kaynak yo\u011fun, pahal\u0131 ve kurum i\u00e7inde uygulanmas\u0131 zaman al\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu y\u00fczden DNS’nizin i\u015fleyi\u015fini uzmanlara devrederek ve dahili personelinizi daha stratejik projeler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in serbest b\u0131rakarak istedi\u011finiz sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
DNS servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda birden \u00e7ok varl\u0131k noktas\u0131na (PoP) sahip b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli a\u011flar\u0131 i\u015fletir. Sorgular\u0131 otomatik olarak en yak\u0131n PoP’ye y\u00f6nlendirerek DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda tutarl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimleri sa\u011flar. \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 bant geni\u015fli\u011fi, yo\u011fun y\u00fck d\u00f6nemlerinde trafikteki dalgalanmalara uyum sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek Kullan\u0131labilirlik<\/h3>\n
DNS servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, tek bir ar\u0131za noktas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n son derece esnek a\u011flar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Ayr\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 \u015febekeleri ve fay hatlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki co\u011frafi olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, y\u00fcksek kullan\u0131labilirlikli veri merkezlerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Ayr\u0131ca, ekipman ar\u0131zalar\u0131 veya a\u011f kesintileri durumunda kesintisiz hizmet sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in tamamen yedekli sunucular da\u011f\u0131tabilir ve birden \u00e7ok ISP’ye ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurabilirler.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f G\u00fcvenlik<\/h3>\n
DNS hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, g\u00fcven olu\u015fturmak ve tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 sizi savunmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6nlemler kullanarak g\u00fcvenlikte \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimser. K\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 engellemek ve riskleri azaltmak i\u00e7in end\u00fcstri trendlerini yak\u0131ndan izleyen ve proaktif olarak g\u00fcvenlik sistemlerini ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelleyen \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik uzmanlar\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok az say\u0131da kurum i\u00e7i veya ISP tabanl\u0131 DNS sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 bu d\u00fczeyde bir g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flayabilir. Birden fazla co\u011frafi olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f DNS ad sunucular\u0131, tek hata noktalar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve bireysel sunucu sorunlar\u0131 veya a\u011f kesintisi durumunda kesintisiz hizmet sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Kolay API’ler<\/h3>\n
\u00c7o\u011fu DNS hizmeti sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, harici uygulamalarla entegrasyonu kolayla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131za ve rutin DNS yap\u0131land\u0131rma g\u00f6revlerini otomatikle\u015ftirmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak geli\u015ftirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve API’ler sunar.<\/p>\n
Uzman Teknik Destek<\/h3>\n
DNS servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, tam zamanl\u0131 DNS ve a\u011f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve web sitenizin g\u00fcn\u00fcn her saatinde sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in 7\/24 teknik destek sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zetle diyebiliriz ki, y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir, g\u00fcvenilir ve verimli bir DNS altyap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmak zaman, para ve uzmanl\u0131k gerektirir. Bulut tabanl\u0131 bir hizmetle ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rabilir ve maliyetleri kontrol alt\u0131na alabilirsiniz. Bulut tabanl\u0131 DNS ayr\u0131ca, hibrit ortamlarda k\u00fcresel y\u00fck dengeleme ve trafik y\u00f6nlendirmesi i\u00e7in de DNS altyap\u0131s\u0131ndan yararlanmak i\u00e7in say\u0131s\u0131z f\u0131rsat sunar.<\/p>\n
DNS \u00d6nbelle\u011fe (DNS Caching) Alma Nedir?<\/h2>\n
DNS \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alma (DNS caching), DNS sorgusunu (DNS query) daha \u00f6nce \u00e7\u00f6zebilmek i\u00e7in DNS verilerini, istekte bulunan bir istemciye daha yak\u0131n olan DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda depolama i\u015flemidir. Bu, zincirin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131ndaki ek sorgu sorununu ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r, web sayfas\u0131 y\u00fckleme s\u00fcrelerini iyile\u015ftirir ve bant geni\u015fli\u011fi t\u00fcketimini azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n DNS \u00f6nbelle\u011finde sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcreye “time to live” veya TTL denir. Bu s\u00fcre, DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar “yeni” oldu\u011funu ve IP adreslerindeki son g\u00fcncellemelerle e\u015fle\u015fip e\u015fle\u015fmedi\u011fini belirledi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
DNS \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alma, taray\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde veya i\u015fletim sisteminde (OS d\u00fczeyinde) yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Taray\u0131c\u0131 DNS \u00d6nbelle\u011fe Alma<\/h3>\n
Cihaz\u0131n\u0131z taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan i\u015fletim sistemi (OS), \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alma yoluyla DNS kaynak kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 depolar. \u00d6nbelle\u011fe alma, birisi bir siteye gitmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nler. Bu da, web sitesine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gereken s\u00fcreyi azalt\u0131r. Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z cihaz son zamanlarda eri\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayfaya gittiyse, IP adresi \u00f6nbellek taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanabilir. Bu \u015fekilde, web sitesi iste\u011fi, DNS sunucusunu dahil etmeden tamamlanabilir.<\/p>\n
DNS \u00f6nbelle\u011fi, bir alan ad\u0131n\u0131 bir IP adresine ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli olacak olan DNS arama s\u00fcrecini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Bu, web sitesine ula\u015fma s\u00fcrecini \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 hale getirir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fletim Sistemi (OS) D\u00fczeyinde DNS \u00d6nbelle\u011fe Alma<\/h3>\n
Bir DNS sorgusu son kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n makinesinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, e\u015fle\u015fmenin aranaca\u011f\u0131 bir sonraki durak i\u015fletim sistemi d\u00fczeyindedir. \u0130\u015fletim sistemi i\u00e7indeki “stub resolver” ad\u0131 verilen bir i\u015flem, kayda sahip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in kendi DNS \u00f6nbelle\u011fini kontrol eder. Kayda sahip de\u011filse, sorgu yerel a\u011f d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130nternet Servis Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na (ISS) g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n
DNS Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n
DNS dizini, internetin tek bir fiziksel yerinde bulunmaz. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcncellemeler ve bilgiler sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in birbirleriyle ileti\u015fim kuran bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 sunucuda depolan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
DNS bilgileri \u00e7e\u015fitli sunucular aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda bireysel bilgisayarlar ve cihazlarda yerel olarak \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bilgisayarlar\u0131n\u0131n her seferinde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan IP adresleri i\u00e7in ad sunucusunu sorgulamas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Sonu\u00e7, \u00e7ok daha fazla verimliliktir.<\/p>\n
Toplamda, bir web sayfas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcklenmesiyle ilgili d\u00f6rt farkl\u0131 DNS sunucusu vard\u0131r (kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bilgisayar\u0131nda veya cihaz\u0131nda \u00f6nceden \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131larak):<\/p>\n
DNS Recursor (DNS imleci):<\/b> Bu sunucu, web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 (ve di\u011fer benzer uygulamalar) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla do\u011frudan istemci makinelerinden gelen sorgular\u0131 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Root Nameserver (K\u00f6k sunucusu):<\/b> Bu sunucu, insan taraf\u0131ndan okunabilen ana bilgisayar adlar\u0131n\u0131, web URL’lerini, IP adreslerine \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n
TLD Nameserver (TLD sunucusu):<\/b> Bu sunucu, web sitelerini t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaktan sorumludur. Farkl\u0131 TLD’ler aras\u0131nda .com, .org, .net vb. bulunur.<\/p>\n
Authoritative Nameserver (Yetkili sunucu)<\/b>: Bir web sayfas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcklenmesiyle ilgili d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son sunucu, authoritative nameserver yani yetkili sunucudur. Bu sunucunun, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorgusunun talep etti\u011fi kayda eri\u015fimi varsa, IP adresi, orijinal iste\u011fi yapan DNS yineleyicisine teslim edilecektir.<\/p>\nDNS Hizmeti T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n
\u0130nternette iki farkl\u0131 DNS hizmeti t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. Bu hizmetlerin her biri, i\u015flevlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak DNS sorgular\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde i\u015fler.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zyinelemeli DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyici (Recursive DNS resolver)<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u00d6zyinelemeli DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyici, DNS sorgusuna yan\u0131t veren ve istenen ad i\u00e7in yetkili ad sunucusunu veya \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir DNS sonucunu arayan DNS sunucusudur.<\/p>\n
Yetkili DNS sunucusu (Authoritative DNS server)<\/b><\/h3>\n
Yetkili bir DNS sunucusu, DNS iste\u011fini depolar. Yani yetkili bir DNS sunucusuna IP adreslerinden birini sorarsan\u0131z, ba\u015fka birine sormas\u0131 gerekmez. Yetkili ad sunucusu, bu adlar ve IP adresleri \u00fczerinde nihai yetkilidir.<\/p>\n
\u00dccretsiz ve \u00dccretli DNS Sunucular\u0131 Aras\u0131ndaki Fark Nedir?<\/h2>\n
Baz\u0131 durumlarda, normal bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretli bir DNS sunucusuna ihtiyac\u0131 olmayabilir. Ancak, premium bir DNS i\u00e7in \u00f6deme yapman\u0131n \u00f6nemli faydalar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dinamik DNS (DDNS)<\/b><\/h3>\n
Bir DDNS, internet alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 IP adresleriyle e\u015fle\u015ftirir. Bu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n neresinde olursan\u0131z olun ev bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131za girmenizi sa\u011flar. DDNS, de\u011fi\u015fen veya dinamik IP adresleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in normal bir DNS’den farkl\u0131d\u0131r, bu da onlar\u0131 ev a\u011flar\u0131 i\u00e7in iyi bir se\u00e7im haline getirir.<\/p>\n
\u0130kincil DNS<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u0130kincil bir DNS ad sunucusu, alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 duruma gelmemesini sa\u011flar. Bir komplikasyon durumunda ula\u015fabilece\u011finiz bir yedeklilik sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim aray\u00fcz\u00fc<\/b><\/h3>\n
Bir\u00e7ok \u00fccretli DNS sunucusu, kullan\u0131c\u0131lara hizmetlerini y\u00f6netmek ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re ince ayar yapmak i\u00e7in kullanabilecekleri bir kontrol paneli sunar.<\/p>\n
\u0130ki fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama<\/b><\/h3>\n
Ek bir kimlik do\u011frulama d\u00fczeyiyle alan ad\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in koruma sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Daha fazla g\u00fcvenlik<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u00dccretli bir DNS sunucusunu kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, ba\u015fka bir koruyucu g\u00fcvenlik d\u00fczeyi elde edersiniz. Bu, web sitenizi sald\u0131rganlardan korumaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
\u00dccretli bir DNS sunucusu, hizmet d\u00fczeyi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle (SLA) birlikte gelir. Her SLA, genellikle %99 ile %100 aras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek bir DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme oran\u0131n\u0131 garanti eder.<\/p>\n
M\u00fc\u015fteri hizmetleri<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u00dccretli bir DNS sunucusuyla, sorular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yan\u0131tlayabilen ve problemlerinizi \u00e7\u00f6zen bir m\u00fc\u015fteri hizmetleri ekibiyle her an ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
DNS G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Nedir?<\/h2>\n
DNS, i\u015fletmeler taraf\u0131ndan geni\u015f \u00e7apta g\u00fcvenilir olarak kabul edilir ve DNS trafi\u011finin genellikle a\u011f g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131ndan serbest\u00e7e ge\u00e7mesine izin verilir. Ancak, genellikle siber su\u00e7lular taraf\u0131ndan sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frar ve k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, DNS g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, a\u011f g\u00fcvenli\u011finin kritik bir bile\u015fenidir.<\/p>\n
Yayg\u0131n DNS Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n
DNS genellikle arka planda kusursuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcrekli temeldeki sistemi tehlikeye atman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Bu yayg\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n
Reflection Attacks<\/b><\/h3>\n
Bu t\u00fcr bir sald\u0131r\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011frudan DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyici sunucular\u0131ndan gelen y\u00fcksek hacimli mesajlara bo\u011far. Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131, sald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015filerin sahte IP adresini kullanarak t\u00fcm a\u00e7\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyicilerden b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar ister. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyiciler yan\u0131t verdi\u011finde, sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayanlar, makinelerini bunaltan sonsuz bir talep edilmemi\u015f veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Resource Exhaustion<\/b><\/h3>\n
Ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar ISP’lerin DNS altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n internetteki sitelere ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/p>\n
Cache Poisoning<\/b><\/h3>\n
Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ama\u00e7lanan bir hedeften k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 web adreslerine y\u00f6nlendirir. Bilgisayar korsan\u0131 bunu sisteme yanl\u0131\u015f adres kay\u0131tlar\u0131 girerek yapar. Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 bu sahte web sitelerinden birine girdi\u011finde, hassas bilgiler vermesi i\u00e7in kand\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Siber Sald\u0131r\u0131larda DNS Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n
Siber sald\u0131r\u0131larda DNS farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde kullan\u0131labilir. Baz\u0131 tehditler, altyap\u0131ya y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n
Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Hizmet Reddi (DDoS)<\/b><\/h3>\n
DNS’ye y\u00f6nelik DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, a\u011flar\u0131 me\u015fru trafik gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen y\u00fcksek hacimli trafikle bo\u011far ve onlara hizmet eden DNS sunucular\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131lamaz hale getirerek web sitelerini eri\u015filemez duruma getirebilir.<\/p>\n
DNS DDoS Amplifikasyonu<\/b><\/h3>\n
DNS, aktar\u0131m i\u00e7in UDP kullan\u0131r; bu, bir sald\u0131rgan\u0131n bir DNS iste\u011finin kaynak adresini taklit edebilece\u011fi ve yan\u0131t\u0131n kendi se\u00e7tikleri bir IP adresine g\u00f6nderilmesini sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Ek olarak, DNS yan\u0131tlar\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen isteklerden \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olabilir. DDoS sald\u0131rganlar\u0131, bir DNS sunucusuna k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir istek g\u00f6ndererek ve hedefe b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yan\u0131t ileterek sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bu fakt\u00f6rlerden yararlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hizmet Reddi (DoS) Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131<\/b><\/h3>\n
A\u011f tabanl\u0131 DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na ek olarak, DNS sunucular\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uygulamalar da DoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hedef al\u0131nabilir. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar, sistemlerin me\u015fru isteklere yan\u0131t vermesini engelleyen g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndan yararlanmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
DNS ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131labilir ve siber sald\u0131r\u0131larda kullan\u0131labilir. DNS’nin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6rnekler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n
DNS Hijacking<\/b><\/h3>\n
DNS Hijacking, bir kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli bir alan ad\u0131na ba\u011flarken me\u015fru bir alan ad\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren herhangi bir sald\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ihlal edilmi\u015f veya k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli bir DNS sunucusu kullan\u0131larak ya da bir DNS sunucusunu yanl\u0131\u015f DNS verilerini depolamas\u0131 i\u00e7in kand\u0131rarak (\u00f6nbellek zehirlenmesi ad\u0131 verilen bir sald\u0131r\u0131) ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n
DNS T\u00fcneli<\/b><\/h3>\n
DNS g\u00fcvenilir bir protokol oldu\u011fundan, \u00e7o\u011fu i\u015fletme a\u011flar\u0131na serbest\u00e7e girip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na izin verir. Siber su\u00e7lular, DNS istekleri s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131lan verileri i\u00e7eren k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlarla veri h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in DNS’den yararlan\u0131r. Hedef DNS sunucusu tipik olarak hedef web sitesinin sahibi taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edildi\u011finden, sald\u0131rganlar verilerin kendileri taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenebilecekleri bir sunucuya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve DNS yan\u0131t paketinde bir yan\u0131t\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Bulutistan hizmetlerinin detaylar\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in<\/span> t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\nDNS G\u00fcvenli\u011finin \u00d6nemi<\/h2>\n
DNS eski bir protokold\u00fcr ve herhangi bir entegre g\u00fcvenlik olmadan olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. DNS’nin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
Reputation Filtering<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u0130\u015fletmeler, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n tehlikeli siteleri ziyaret etmesini veya k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n operat\u00f6r\u00fcyle ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in, tehdit istihbarat\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak bilinen k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 alan adlar\u0131na DNS isteklerini engelleyebilir veya y\u00f6nlendirebilir.<\/p>\n
DNS Denetimi<\/b><\/h3>\n
Veri h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (DNS t\u00fcneli arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla) ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli faaliyetler i\u00e7in DNS kullan\u0131m\u0131, yeni nesil bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131na (NGFW) entegre bir izinsiz giri\u015f \u00f6nleme sistemi (IPS) taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilebilir ve engellenebilir. Bu, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m komut ve denetimi, di\u011fer sald\u0131r\u0131lar i\u00e7in DNS’nin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
Protokol\u00fc G\u00fcvenli Hale Getirme<\/b><\/h3>\n
DNSSEC, DNS yan\u0131tlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir protokold\u00fcr. Kimli\u011fi do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f yan\u0131t s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyece\u011finden, sald\u0131rganlar kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 sitelere g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in DNS kullanamaz.<\/p>\n
Kanal\u0131 G\u00fcvenceye Al\u0131n<\/b><\/h3>\n
TLS \u00fczerinden DNS (DoT) ve DoH (HTTPS \u00fczerinden DNS), g\u00fcvenli olmayan bir protokole g\u00fcvenli bir katman ekler. Bu, geleneksel DNS’den farkl\u0131 olarak isteklerin \u015fifrelenmesini ve kimli\u011finin do\u011frulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131, DoH ve DoT kullanarak, DNS yan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n gizlili\u011fini sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n
Bulutistan G\u00fcvenlik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h2>\n
DNS trafi\u011finizi izlemek, \u015firketinizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini izleyip analiz eden Security Operations Center (SOC) ekipleriniz i\u00e7in zengin bir veri kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilir. SOC ekipleri, Indicators of Compromise (IoC), vir\u00fcsl\u00fc ana bilgisayarlar veya DNS t\u00fcnelleme giri\u015fimleri i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 ve IPS sistemlerini izler.<\/p>\n
Bulutistan G\u00fcvenlik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri, i\u015fletmelerin DNS altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131na ve DNS tabanl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 tespit etmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli trafi\u011fi ve DNS t\u00fcnel sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tespit eder. Ayr\u0131ca, kimlik av\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda DNS’yi kullanan bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 siber tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in SOC ekiplerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Bilgisayarlar birbirleriyle belirli numaralar veya IP adresleri kullanarak ileti\u015fim kurar. Bir IP adresi, birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 ve noktalarla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f…\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3013,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_appearance_grid":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0},"categories":[11,3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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